most common vector of hepatitis a transmission

Uptake and safety of hepatitis A vaccination during pregnancy: a vaccine safety datalink study. Reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system after hepatitis a and hepatitis AB vaccines in pregnant women. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). 154, 51–57 (2018).Īdvisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Fiore, A. Sofosbuvir inhibits hepatitis A virus replication in vitro assessed by a cell-based fluorescent reporter system. Intrauterine transmission of hepatitis A virus. Acute liver failure (ALF) in pregnancy: how much is pregnancy-related? Hepatology (2020). Fulminant hepatitis A infection in second trimester of pregnancy requiring living-donor liver transplantation.

Acute hepatitis A infection in pregnancy is associated with high rates of gestational complications and preterm labor. Hepatitis A virus infection during pregnancy in Korea: hepatitis A infection on pregnant women. Globalization and the changing epidemiology of hepatitis a virus. The global prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection and susceptibility: a systematic review (WHO, 2008). Global hepatitis report, 2017 (WHO, 2017). Risks related to underlying cirrhosis can be more frequent in pregnant women with hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection MTCT of HDV is rare and management is the same as HBV monoinfection.Īcute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal death and infant mortality, including higher rates of preterm delivery and stillbirths MTCT of HEV can occur. Pregnant women with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have increased rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes MTCT occurs in 5% and is linked with invasive fetal monitoring and prolonged rupture of membranes. There is risk of MTCT of HBV, especially in mothers with high levels of HBV DNA, but this risk is reduced with the use of maternal antiviral therapy and prompt administration of infant immunoprophylaxis. Pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection might have an increased risk of preterm delivery and gestational diabetes. This Review presents the epidemiology of acute and chronic viral hepatitis infection in pregnancy, the effect of pregnancy on the course of viral infection and, conversely, the influence of the viral infection on maternal and infant outcomes, including MTCT.Īcute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection during pregnancy might increase the rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes cases leading to fetal liver injury and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HAV have been reported. The prevention of MTCT is key to reducing the global burden of chronic viral hepatitis, and prevention strategies must take into consideration local health-care and socioeconomic challenges. By contrast, the primary risks for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus are related to the severity of the underlying liver disease in the mother and the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) for HBV and HCV. Although all hepatitis viruses can harm the mother and the child, the greatest risk to maternal health and subsequently the fetus is seen with acute hepatitis A virus or hepatitis E virus infection during pregnancy. In the setting of pregnancy, the liver health of the mother, the influence of pregnancy on the clinical course of the viral infection and the effect of the virus or liver disease on the developing infant must be considered. There are five liver-specific viruses (hepatitis A, B, C, D, E), each with unique epidemiology, tendency to chronicity, risk of liver complications and response to antiviral therapies. The management of viral hepatitis in the setting of pregnancy requires special consideration.

Most common vector of hepatitis a transmission